It takes time to train mind to speak a language
Language processing Language is a beautiful gift and boon to human beings but it is a slow process to learn a language as our mind takes time to process it and enables us to use it express ourselves using complex word formations and grammar structures. With the help of Language processing, humans get to understand how such communications are processed (encoded) and understood (decoded). Language processing is a unique quality as it requires deeper an clearer understanding of word forms and their systematic usage in simple and complex sentences. Different parts of human brains account for different linguistics roles. According to the Geschwind-Lichteim-Wernicke model, which is based primarily on the analysis of brain damaged patients, two pathways namely auditory ventral stream and auditory dorsal stream are responsible of sound recognition and sound localization respectively. While the former is known as ‘what’ and the latter is known as ‘where’ pathway. In humans, this pathway (especially in the left hemisphere) is also responsible for speech production, speech repetition, lip-reading, and phonological working memory and long-term memory. In accordance with the 'from where to what' model of language evolution. As per early neurolinguistics models, words are perceived via a specialized word reception center (Wernicke's area) that is located in the left part of the brain. This region then projects to a word production center (Borca’s area) that is located in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Though, later on it became quite confusing to identify the basic properties of each region. Gradually, this model proved to be based on incorrect correlations between symptoms and lesions. The refutation of such an influential and dominant model opened the door to new models of language processing in the brain. While current neurolinguistics models include Auditory ventral stream (AVS) , which connects the auditory cortex with the middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole, which in turn connects with the inferior frontal gyrus. This pathway is responsible for sound recognition, and is accordingly known as the auditory 'what' pathway. The functions of the AVS include the following; sound recognition, sentence comprehension, bilaterality Along with AVS, Auditory dorsal stream connects the auditory cortex with the parietal lobe, which in turn connects with inferior frontal gyrus. In both humans and non-human primates, the auditory dorsal stream is responsible for sound localization, and is accordingly known as the auditory 'where' pathway. In humans, this pathway (especially in the left hemisphere) is also responsible for speech production, speech repetition, lip-reading, and phonological working memory and long-term memory. ADS includes speech production, vocal mimicry, speech monitoring, integration of phonemes and lip-movements, phonological long-term memory and phonological working memory.
Subject Verb Agreement
Correct these sentences... 1. “Both of my brothers are older than me.” 2. “A few of these products have defects.” 3. “Many of the houses in this neighbourhood don’t have garages.” 4. “Several of the students aren’t going to pass.” 5. “Half of the students are from another country.” 6. “Half of the class is from another country.” 7. “Some of these facts are incorrect.” 8. “Some of this information is incorrect.” 9. “40% of the people don’t support the new law.” 10. “40% of the country doesn’t support the new law.” 11. “Everyone has problems.” 12. “I don’t know if anybody is in the office right now.” 13. “How do you react if someone gives you a compliment?” 14. “Nobody likes the new English teacher.” 15. The frogs at the cottage croak very loudly. 16. The horses run wildly across the field. 17. There have been many hurricanes this year. 18. The cattle wealth has always played pivotal role in the rural economy. 19. People with such mindset have damaged the country. 20. If need is felt that penalties should be reduced, we will take a conscious call. 21. The World Bank’s ease of doing business 2019 report ranked India 77th among 190 countries. 22. To achieve its ambition of becoming $5 trillion economy, India needs to claw its way further up the rankings. 23. Consultants often cite some laws and their enforcement as big impediments.
Why we use Euphemisms
Why do we use Euphemisms? A euphemism is an indirect word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one when you are talking about something that is unpleasant or embarrassing; the use of such expressions. A euphemism (/ˈjuːfəmɪzəm/) is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to taboo topics such as disability, sex, excretion, or death in a polite way1. Examples of Euphemisms Euphemisms have many different uses. They can help you avoid being overly blunt and remain in a tone of politeness. People will generally understand the euphemism meaning, even though you're not "coming right out with it." With that in mind, let's take a look at a few different categories of euphemisms2. One of the common and least known euphemisms in Indian context is Eve-teasing. Eve-teasing a euphemism used only in India. It is a euphemism used in India to describe public sexual harassment of women. It is also aptly called street harassment. According to Wikipedia, it “ranges in severity from sexually suggestive remarks, brushing in public places and catcalls to groping”. Oxforddictionaries.com labels the term as Indian English and defines it as “the making of unwanted sexual remarks or advances by a man to a woman in a public place”3. Death and Dying • Passed away instead of died • Dearly departed instead of died • Ethnic cleansing instead of genocide • Negative patient outcome instead of died • Collateral damage instead of accidental deaths • Put to sleep instead of euthanize • Pregnancy termination instead of abortion • Bite the big one instead of die • Bought the farm instead of died • Wearing cement shoes instead of killed • Bit the dust instead of died • Croaked instead of died • Kick the bucket instead of die • Whacked instead of killed Various States of Employment • Letting someone go instead of firing someone • On the streets instead of homeless • Correctional facility instead of jail • Between jobs instead of unemployed • Relocation center instead of prison camp • Economical instead of cheap • Negative cash flow instead of broke • Taking an early retirement instead of got fired • Urban outdoorsman instead of homeless • Embarking on a journey of self-discovery instead of jobless Bodily Functions and Getting Old • Powder your nose instead of go to the toilet • Break wind instead of pass gas or fart • Blow chunks instead of vomit • Making a deposit in the porcelain bank instead of going to the bathroom • Fired a shot instead of flatulence • Backed up worse than the Hoover Dam instead of constipated • Over the hill and picking up speed instead of really old Physical and Mental Attributes • Big-boned instead of fat or overweight • Portly instead of heavy or overweight • Vertically-challenged instead of short • Moon landing instead of bald • Differently-abled instead of handicapped or disabled • Bad rug instead of toupee • One sandwich short of a picnic instead of not smart • Not the sharpest pencil in the box instead of not smart • His elevator doesn't reach the top floor instead of not smart • Chronologically-challenged instead of late • Economical with the truth instead of liar For further reading 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism 2. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-euphemism.html 3. https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2014/dec/08/Eve-Teasing-is-a-Euphemism-Used-Only-in-India-691732.html